how many japanese ships were sunk in ww2

Mikuma was eventually sunk by Dauntlesses,[150] while Mogami survived further severe damage to return home for repairs. They were taken to Midway and then transferred to Pearl Harbor on USSSirius. This list of military ships sunk by the Imperial Japanese Navy lists all vessels sunk by ships commissioned in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and by Japanese naval aircraft, listed alphabetically by ship name. Out of Obscurity", "What If Japan Had Won The Battle of Midway? The attack was unsuccessful and around 06:00 he finally reported two westbound Mogami-class cruisers, before diving again and playing no further role in the battle. Unescorted bombers headed off to attack the Japanese carriers, their fighter escorts remaining behind to defend Midway. Planes stood tail up, belching livid flames and jet-black smoke, making it impossible to bring the fires under control. Recognizing the error, Lieutenant Richard Halsey Best and his two wingmen were able to pull out of their dives and, after judging that Kaga was doomed, headed north to attack Akagi. Japanese reconnaissance arrangements were flimsy, with too few aircraft to adequately cover the assigned search areas, laboring under poor weather conditions to the northeast and east of the task force. [159] Clay Blair argued in 1975 that had Spruance pressed on, he would have been unable to launch his aircraft after nightfall, and his cruisers would have been overwhelmed by Yamamoto's powerful surface units, including Yamato. [17] The U.S. did consider Midway vital: after the battle, the establishment of a U.S. submarine base on Naval Air Facility Midway Island allowed submarines operating from Pearl Harbor to refuel and re-provision, extending their radius of operations by 1,200mi (1,900km). With his fleet in disarray and not realizing just how close he had Hornet's strike, launched late because of a communications error, concentrated on the remaining escort ships, but failed to score any hits. I saw [my] 500lb[230kg] bomb hit right abreast of the [carrier's] island. [57], At about 09:00 on 3 June, Ensign Jack Reid, piloting a PBY from U.S. Navy patrol squadron VP-44,[60] spotted the Japanese Occupation Force 500nmi (580mi; 930km) to the west-southwest of Midway. [38], During the Battle of the Coral Sea one month earlier, the Japanese light carrier Shh had been sunk, while the fleet carrier Shkaku had been severely damaged by three bomb hits and was in drydock for months of repair. [100] Without fighter escort, all 15 TBD Devastators of VT-8 were shot down without being able to inflict any damage. This led to a sharp decline in the quality of the aviators produced. Japanese WW2 A miscommunication caused both of the squadrons to dive at Kaga. Hammann broke in two and sank with the loss of 80 lives, mostly because her own depth charges exploded. The Dutch East Indies, with its vital oil resources, was particularly important to Japan. In the late afternoon of 6 June, the Japanese submarineI-168, which had managed to slip through the cordon of destroyers (possibly because of the large amount of debris in the water), fired a salvo of torpedoes, two of which struck Yorktown. As soon as Tambor returned to port, Spruance had Murphy relieved of duty and reassigned to a shore station, citing his confusing contact report, poor torpedo shooting during his attack run, and general lack of aggression, especially as compared to Nautilus, the oldest of the 12 boats at Midway and the only one which had successfully placed a torpedo on target (albeit a dud). [98] Spruance judged that the need to throw something at the enemy as soon as possible was greater than the need to coordinate the attack by aircraft of different types and speeds (fighters, bombers, and torpedo bombers). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, is located near the center of the Pacific Ocean, roughly 2,000 miles from the U.S. mainland and about 4,000 miles from Japan. The Japanese lost a total of 24,000 men killed in the Battle of Guadalcanal, while the Americans sustained 1,600 killed, 4,200 wounded, and several thousand dead The first plane took off from Spruance's carriers Enterprise and Hornet a few minutes after 07:00. [123][nb 3] While Kaga was burning, Nautilus showed up again and launched three torpedoes at her, scoring one dud hit. The discovery last week of the wreck of the Montevideo Maru has prompted renewed focus on the Japanese prison ships of World War II. Towards the end of the day, he launched a search-and-destroy mission to seek out any remnants of Nagumo's carrier force. Australia finds wreck of Japanese WW2 disaster ship. Instead, the sanctions made the Japanese more determined to stand their ground. The Japanese, by contrast, remained largely unaware of their opponent's true strength and dispositions even after the battle began. A decade later, the Marine Nationaleand Royal Navylost three battleships, HMS Irresistible, HMS Ocean, and Bouvet, to Turkish mines in the waters of the Dardanelles. In the end, Nagumo decided to wait for his first strike force to land, and then launch the reserve, which would by then be properly armed with torpedoes. Late on 10 June a decision was made to leave the area and the American carriers eventually returned to Pearl Harbor. Because of the extreme depth of the ocean in the area of the battle (more than 17,000ft or 5,200m), researching the battlefield has presented extraordinary difficulties. Because American military leaders were not expecting an attack so close to home, the naval facilities at Pearl Harbor were relatively undefended. The carriers had to launch into the wind, so the light southeasterly breeze would require them to steam away from the Japanese at high speed. [103] Midway was the last time the TBD Devastator was used in combat. Merchant Marine in World War 2 [63] Early the following morning, the Japanese oil tanker Akebono Maru sustained the first hit when a torpedo from an attacking PBY struck her around 01:00. [153] At 07:01, the ship rolled upside-down, and slowly sank, stern first. [77], In accordance with Yamamoto's orders for Operation MI, Admiral Nagumo had kept half of his aircraft in reserve. The Yorktown squadron (VB-3) had flown just behind VT-3, but elected to attack from a different course. Second, the poor control of the Japanese combat air patrol (CAP) meant they were out of position for subsequent attacks. Within the first few minutes, two F4Fs and 13 F2As were destroyed, while most of the surviving U.S. planes were damaged, with only two remaining airworthy. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. [186] Had Japan won the battle as thoroughly as the U.S. did, it might have been able to conquer Midway Island. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese military launched a surprise attack on the US Naval base at Pearl Harbor. The Japanese operations in the Aleutians (Operation AL) removed yet more ships that could otherwise have augmented the force striking Midway. [144], Spruance failed to regain contact with Yamamoto's forces on 5 June, despite extensive searches. July 1 marks the 80th anniversary of Australia's worst maritime disaster, the sinking of the Montevideo Maru during World War II. The 10 F4Fs from Hornet ran out of fuel and had to ditch. Moreover, the Pearl Harbor assault had left the bases most vital onshore facilitiesoil storage depots, repair shops, shipyards and submarine docksintact. [156], In addition, the destroyers Arashio (bombed; 35) and Asashio (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank Mikuma and caused further damage to Mogami. [95] Fletcher, upon completing his own scouting flights, followed suit at 08:00 from Yorktown. [55], HYPO was also able to determine the date of the attack as either 4 or 5 June, and to provide Nimitz with a complete IJN order of battle. A one-day delay in the sailing of Nagumo's task force resulted in Operation AL beginning a day before the Midway attack. Naval Oceanographic Office searched for the Japanese aircraft carriers. That way, the Americans would not be able to fight back as Japans armed forces spread across the South Pacific. [193] The loss of four large fleet carriers and over 40 percent of the carriers' highly trained aircraft mechanics and technicians, plus the essential flight-deck crews and armorers, and the loss of organizational knowledge embodied in such highly trained crews, were still heavy blows to the Japanese carrier fleet. These efforts continued and were expanded throughout the war in both the Pacific and Atlantic theaters. [41] Nonetheless, the First Carrier Strike Force sailed with 248 available aircraft on the four carriers (60 on Akagi, 74 on Kaga (B5N2 squadron oversized), 57 on Hiry and 57 on Sry). Although the fleet carrier Zuikaku escaped the battle undamaged, she had lost almost half her air group, and was in port at the Kure Naval District, Hiroshima, awaiting replacement planes and pilots. [211][212][213] Ford, who was a Navy Reserve Commander at the time, was present on Midway Atoll's power plant at Sand Island during the Japanese attack and filmed it. [191] Parshall and Tully have stated that the heavy losses in veteran aircrew (110, just under 25 percent of the aircrew embarked on the four carriers)[192] were not crippling to the Japanese naval air corps as a whole; the Japanese navy had 2,000 carrier-qualified aircrews at the start of the Pacific war. This made it unlikely that they would be effective in an airstrike against the Japanese battleships, even if they had managed to catch them during the daytime. [106] The performance of American torpedoes in the early months of the war was extremely poor, as shot after shot missed by running directly under the target (deeper than intended), prematurely exploded, or hit targets (sometimes with an audible clang) and failed to explode at all. [66], Of the 108 Japanese aircraft involved in this attack, 11 were destroyed (including three that ditched), 14 were heavily damaged, and 29 were damaged to some degree. The damage also forced Admiral Fletcher to move his command staff to the heavy cruiser Astoria. [35] Despite efforts to get Saratoga (which had been undergoing repairs on the American West Coast) ready, the need to resupply and assemble sufficient escorts meant she was unable to reach Midway until after the battle. [194][nb 5] A few months after Midway, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service sustained similar casualty rates in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, and it was these battles, combined with the constant attrition of veterans during the Solomons campaign, which were the catalyst for the sharp downward spiral in operational capability. By contrast, Yamamoto and Kondo had between them two light carriers, five battleships, four heavy cruisers, and two light cruisers, none of which saw action at Midway. Naval Reserve", "Oral HistoryBattle of Midway:Recollections of Commander John Ford", History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Midway&oldid=1152011876, World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre, Naval battles of World War II involving Japan, Naval battles of World War II involving the United States, United States Marine Corps in World War II, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 16:33. After expanding the war in the Pacific to include Western outposts, the Japanese Empire had attained its initial strategic goals quickly, taking British Hong Kong, the Philippines, British Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia). WebThree Japanese cruisers, Chikuma, Chkai, and Suzuya, were sunk; a fourth, Kumano, was heavily damaged. This article is about the 1942 battle. [97] Spruance ordered the striking aircraft to proceed to target immediately, rather than waste time waiting for the strike force to assemble, since neutralizing enemy carriers was the key to the survival of his own task force. Some of our machineguns managed to fire a few frantic bursts at them, but it was too late. Japanese plans were not changed; Yamamoto, at sea in Yamato, assumed Nagumo had received the same signal from Tokyo, and did not communicate with him by radio, so as not to reveal his position. Four Japanese and three U.S. aircraft carriers participated in the battle. Commander William Brockman) found herself near the Japanese fleet, attracting attention from the escorts. [164], The Japanese public and much of the military command structure were kept in the dark about the extent of the defeat: Japanese news announced a great victory. This information was in Yamamoto's hands prior to the battle. As a result, Air Group Eight's dive bombers missed the Japanese carriers. Gasoline ignited, creating an "inferno", while stacked bombs and ammunition detonated. [73] Either attempting a suicide ramming, or out of control, the plane narrowly missed the bridge and crashed into the sea. [214] He received combat wounds from enemy fire in his arm during the filming.[211][215][216][217]. Coming under an onslaught of bombs from almost two full squadrons, Kaga sustained three to five direct hits, which caused heavy damage and started multiple fires. Throughout the night of 6 June and into the morning of 7 June, Yorktown remained afloat; but by 05:30 on 7 June, observers noted that her list was rapidly increasing to port. [146][147], Over the next two days, several strikes were launched against the stragglers, first from Midway, then from Spruance's carriers. [57], As a result, the Americans entered the battle with a good picture of where, when, and in what strength the Japanese would appear. [nb 4]. On 19 May 1998, Robert Ballard and a team of scientists and Midway veterans from both sides located and photographed Yorktown, which was located 16,650ft (5,070m) deep. [citation needed] Henderson Field, in Guadalcanal, was named in honor of United States Marine Corps Major Lofton Henderson, who was the first Marine aviator to perish during the battle. [24], What Yamamoto did not know was that the U.S. had broken parts of the main Japanese naval code (dubbed JN-25 by the Americans), divulging many details of his plan to the enemy. [40], Thus, Carrier Division 5, consisting of the two most advanced aircraft carriers of the Kido Butai, was not available, which meant that Vice-Admiral Nagumo had only two-thirds of the fleet carriers at his disposal: Kaga and Akagi forming Carrier Division 1 and Hiry and Sry making up Carrier Division 2. Despite initial hopes that Akagi could be saved or at least towed back to Japan, all three carriers were eventually abandoned and scuttled. [48] A second attempt at reconnaissance, using four-engine H8K "Emily" flying boats to scout Pearl Harbor prior to the battle and detect whether the American carriers were present, part of Operation K, was thwarted when Japanese submarines assigned to refuel the search aircraft discovered that the intended refueling pointa hitherto deserted bay off French Frigate Shoalswas now occupied by American warships because the Japanese had carried out an identical mission in March. The carriers' escorting warships were deployed as visual scouts in a ring at long range, not as close anti-aircraft escorts, as they lacked training, doctrine, and sufficient anti-aircraft guns. [112], By chance, at the same time VT-3 was sighted by the Japanese, three squadrons of SBDs from Enterprise and Yorktown were approaching from the southwest and northeast. Without any form of air superiority, the Japanese never again launched a major offensive in the Pacific. The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbors territory and take over its import market. [137], As darkness fell, both sides took stock and made tentative plans for continuing the action. [197], Both the United States and Japan accelerated the training of aircrew, but the United States had a more effective pilot rotation system, which meant that more veterans survived and went on to training or command billets, where they were able to pass on lessons they had learned in combat to trainees, instead of remaining in combat, where errors were more likely to be fatal. To aid his aviators, who had launched at extreme range, he had continued to close with Nagumo during the day and persisted as night fell. Spruance knew the United States had won a great victory, but he was still unsure of what Japanese forces remained and was determined to safeguard both Midway and his carriers. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. Thirteen Japanese dive bombers and three escorting fighters were lost in this attack (two escorting fighters turned back early after they were damaged attacking some of Enterprise's SBDs returning from their attack on the Japanese carriers). [86] Spotting his flight decks and launching aircraft would have required at least 30 minutes. The ship exploded and sank with more than 1,000 men trapped inside. [52] Since early 1942, the U.S. had been decoding messages stating that there would soon be an operation at objective "AF". Only Emperor Hirohito and the highest Navy command personnel were accurately informed of the carrier and pilot losses. [87] Furthermore, by spotting and launching immediately, Nagumo would be committing some of his reserves to battle without proper anti-ship armament, and likely without fighter escort; indeed, he had just witnessed how easily the unescorted American bombers had been shot down. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise, but Japan and the United States had been edging toward war for decades. Nimitz knew that the Japanese had negated their numerical advantage by dividing their ships into four separate task groups, so widely separated that they were essentially unable to support each other. And furthermore, it wasn't really needed to keep exact track of such things, as long as the St. WebThe four Japanese fleet carriers Akagi, Kaga, Sry, and Hiry, part of the six-carrier force that had attacked Pearl Harbor six months earlierwere sunk, as was the heavy cruiser Mikuma. The Japanese ship was transporting Allied prisoners of war when it was torpedoed by an American submarine in 1942, resulting in Australias largest maritime wartime loss. [206], An escort carrier, USS Midway (CVE-63) was commissioned on 17 August 1943. [151] Captain Richard E. Fleming, a U.S. Marine Corps aviator, was killed while executing a glide bomb run on Mikuma and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.[152]. [13], Yamamoto's primary strategic goal was the elimination of America's carrier forces, which he regarded as the principal threat to the overall Pacific campaign. We could not send TBDs into action unless they had adequate smoke protection and torpedoes that exploded more than 10 percent of the time. At 02:55, these ships received Yamamoto's order to retire and changed course to comply. [62], Harassed by heavy anti-aircraft fire, they dropped their bombs. 2 min read. [209] Tinker Air Force Base, outside Oklahoma City, Oklahoma is named in honor of Major General Clarence L. Tinker, Commander, 7th Air Force, who personally led a bomber strike from Hawaii against the retreating Japanese forces on 7 June. The Kid Butai would sail into range at best speed so as to increase the chance of surprise, and would not have ships spread out across the ocean guiding the enemy toward it. [175] The report filed by Nagumo tersely states that Osmus, "died on 6 June and was buried at sea";[178] O'Flaherty and Gaido's fates were not mentioned in Nagumo's report. But unknown to the Allies at When a US Hospital Ship Was Attacked by a Kamikaze Pilot At 8:10, a 1,800-pound bomb smashed through the deck of the battleship USS Arizona and landed in her forward ammunition magazine. That there were none immediately available is attributable to the failure of the IJN crew training program, which already showed signs of being unable to replace losses. They reasoned that without access to money and goods, and especially essential supplies like oil, Japan would have to rein in its expansionism. [14], This, and other successful hit-and-run raids by American carriers in the South Pacific, showed that they were still a threat, although seemingly reluctant to be drawn into an all-out battle. This Map Of All Sunken Japanese Ships During WWII Is Absolutely These inexperienced pilots were fed into front-line units, while the veterans who remained after Midway and the Solomons campaign were forced to share an increased workload as conditions grew more desperate, with few being given a chance to rest in rear areas or in the home islands. [145], At 02:15 on the morning of 5 June, Commander John Murphy's Tambor, lying 90nmi (170km; 100mi) west of Midway, made the second of the submarine force's two major contributions to the battle's outcome, although its impact was heavily blunted by Murphy himself. Today thesunken battleship serves as a memorial to all Americans who died in the attack. At the same time, he launched his seven search aircraft (2 "Kates" from Akagi and Kaga, 4 "Jakes" from Tone and Chikuma, and 1 short range "Dave" from battleship Haruna; an eighth aircraft from the heavy cruiser Tone launched 30 minutes late). [138][139], After futile attempts at controlling the blaze, most of the crew remaining on Hiry were evacuated and the remainder of the fleet continued sailing northeast in an attempt to intercept the American carriers. (In contrast, American air squadrons were considered interchangeable between carriers allowing for more flexibility.) The Japanese repelled these attacks and the attacking force, losing only three Zero fighters while destroying five TBFs, two SB2Us, eight SBDs, and two B-26s. The main airfield at Guadalcanal was named after him in August 1942. [70], One B-26, piloted by Lieutenant James Muri, after dropping his torpedo and searching for a safer escape route, flew directly down the length of Akagi while being fired upon by fighters and anti-aircraft fire, which had to hold their fire to avoid hitting their own flagship. In September 1999, a joint expedition between Nauticos Corp. and the U.S. [81], Nagumo quickly reversed his order to re-arm the bombers with general-purpose bombs and demanded that the scout plane ascertain the composition of the American force. [100], Waldron's squadron sighted the enemy carriers and began attacking at 09:20, followed at 09:40[101] by VF-6 from Enterprise, whose Wildcat fighter escorts lost contact, ran low on fuel, and had to turn back. Midway was not especially important in the larger scheme of Japan's intentions, but the Japanese felt the Americans would consider Midway a vital outpost of Pearl Harbor and would therefore be compelled to defend it vigorously. WebPassenger and cargo ship Japan: 9 April 1945: USS Tirante United States: 667: Taito Maru: Cargo ship serving as evacuation ship Japan: 22 August 1945: L-12 Soviet Union: 658: Tateyama Maru: Troopship Japan: 1 March 1945: USS Sterlet United States: 656: Sanka Maru: Troopship Japan: 10 March 1945: USS Kete United States: 654: Ceramic: Ocean On December 8, Congress approved Roosevelts declaration of war on Japan. Half of the dead at Pearl Harbor were on the USS Arizona. As a result, the U.S. Navy was able to rebound relatively quickly from the attack. [171], Three U.S. airmen were captured during the battle: Ensign Wesley Osmus,[172] a pilot from Yorktown; Ensign Frank O'Flaherty,[173] a pilot from Enterprise; and Aviation Machinist's Mate Bruno Peter Gaido,[174] O'Flaherty's radioman-gunner. We strive for accuracy and fairness. In addition to serving as a seaplane base, Midway's airstrips also served as a forward staging point for bomber attacks on Wake Island. He completed his torpedo attack on the carrier Sry before he was shot down, but Sry evaded his torpedo. 5 days ago. [157] Furthermore, the American air groups had suffered considerable losses, including most of their torpedo bombers. The four Japanese fleet carriersAkagi, Kaga, Sry, and Hiry, part of the six-carrier force that had attacked Pearl Harbor six months earlierwere sunk, as was the heavy cruiser Mikuma. Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi, leading Carrier Division 2 (Hiry and Sry), recommended that Nagumo strike immediately with the forces at hand: 16 Aichi D3A1 dive bombers on Sry and 18 on Hiry, and half the ready cover patrol aircraft. [25] For instance, despite the fact that Nagumo's carriers were expected to carry out strikes against Midway and bear the brunt of American counterattacks, the only warships in his fleet larger than the screening force of twelve destroyers were two Kong-class fast battleships, two heavy cruisers, and one light cruiser. [140], Finally, fearing a possible night encounter with Japanese surface forces,[140] and believing Yamamoto still intended to invade, based in part on a misleading contact report from the submarine Tambor,[141] Spruance changed course and withdrew to the east, turning back west towards the enemy at midnight. Yesterday, December 7, 1941a date which will live in infamythe United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan., He went on to say, No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. On its first war patrol around the Caroline and Mariana islands, Tang sank six Japanese ships, amounting to 18,000 tons of shipping, with 16 of its 24 torpedoes hitting their targets. ship sunk The plan was undermined by faulty Japanese anticipations of the U.S. reaction and poor initial dispositions. Akagi, having been struck by only one bomb, took longer to burn, but the resulting fires quickly expanded and soon proved impossible to extinguish; she too was eventually consumed by flames and had to be abandoned. I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.. At 05:34, a PBY reported sighting two Japanese carriers and another spotted the inbound airstrike 10 minutes later. However, considering the increased strength of American land-based airpower on the Hawaiian Islands since the 7 December attack the previous year, he judged that it was now too risky to attack Pearl Harbor directly. Around 08:20, she made an unsuccessful torpedo attack on a battleship and then had to dive to evade the escorts. As it flew down the length of the ship, the B-26 strafed Akagi, killing two men. IE 11 is not supported. It was surrendered to the U.S. at Yokosuka Naval Base. WebBetween 12 and 18 September 1944, Allied forces sank three Japanese steamships that were carrying supplies to support the Japanese war effort. [93], The Americans had already launched their carrier aircraft against the Japanese. "[121] Another bomb exploded underwater very close astern; the resulting geyser bent the flight deck upward "in grotesque configurations" and caused crucial rudder damage. [44][nb 1], In addition, Nagumo's carrier force suffered from several defensive deficiencies which gave it, in Mark Peattie's words, a "'glass jaw': it could throw a punch but couldn't take one. The United States was particularly unhappy with Japans increasingly belligerent attitude toward China. [16], Instead, Yamamoto selected Midway, a tiny atoll at the extreme northwest end of the Hawaiian Island chain, approximately 1,300mi (1,100nmi; 2,100km) from Oahu. [49], Japanese radio intercepts did notice an increase in both American submarine activity and message traffic. The strike from Hornet, led by Commander Stanhope C. Ring, followed an incorrect heading of 265 degrees rather than the 240 degrees indicated by the contact report. Deep-sea explorers have found the wreck of a Japanese transport ship which sank off the Philippines, killing nearly 1,000 Australian troops and civilians in World Hence the slower ships could not be with the Kid Butai. [82], Nagumo was now in a quandary. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. The two 100lb[45kg] bombs struck in the forward area of the parked planes [119]. [131], Approximately one hour later, Hiry's second attack wave, consisting of ten B5Ns and six escorting A6Ms, arrived over Yorktown; the repair efforts had been so effective that the Japanese pilots assumed that Yorktown must be a different, undamaged carrier.

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